Advanced Dental Center
According to our open methodology, this clinic scored 38.3/100 for transparency, reputation, service accessibility, and digital visibility.
Overall rank: #10 of 21 ranked clinics · Last checked: 30 September 2026
38.3/100
Positions by Rating Profile
- Overall Transparency & Trust#1038.3/100
- Best for Expats#1033.3/100
- Best for Dental Implants#1037.5/100
- Best for Emergency Dental Carenot ranked
- Best Price Transparency#1225.6/100
- Best English-speaking Clinicsnot ranked
- Best for Families / Childrennot ranked
- Sleep Dentistry (GA / deep sedation)not ranked
General Anaesthesia & Deep Sedation
Whether the clinic documents treatment under general anaesthesia or deep / twilight sedation — "sleep dentistry", where the patient is asleep and unaware (does not feel, see, or hear the procedure). Ordinary conscious sedation, where the patient stays awake and responsive, does not count here. This is informational and does not affect the transparency score.
- ? General anaesthesia / deep sedation (sleep dentistry) — Not verified
Summary
Multi-dentist clinic in the Pejton area of central Pristina with an in-house dental laboratory, offering implantology, oral surgery, orthodontics and aesthetic dentistry.
The clinic's website adc-ks.com shows a hosting 'Account Suspended' page as of 2026-09-30; facts from the site are taken from its archived copy of June 2026.
Strengths
- No red flags identified in public sources.
Weaknesses
- Price Transparency: 0 of 15 verifiable points (missing: prices or price ranges published; cleaning price listed; filling price listed; crown price listed; implant price listed; consultation price listed; x-ray / imaging price listed)
- Communication & Service: 1.5 of 3.5 verifiable points (missing: whatsApp / LINE available)
- AI & Search Visibility: 0 of 8 verifiable points (missing: mentioned for: best dentist Kosovo; mentioned for: English speaking dentist Kosovo; mentioned for: dental implants Kosovo; mentioned for: emergency dentist Kosovo; mentioned for: Kosovo dental clinic for expats; structured data on website; dedicated service pages)
Score Breakdown
Every criterion below is scored from public sources. ✓ verified yes · ✗ verified no / not found · ◐ partial · ? unverified (scores 0, not a negative finding).
Information Transparency
14 / 20
Whether basic facts about the clinic - its team, premises, services, and location - are publicly verifiable.
| ✗ | Has a working website The clinic's domain adc-ks.com shows the hosting provider's 'Account Suspended' page (checked 2026-09-30), although its Google listing still links it; the last archived working copy of the site is dated 2026-06-09. [advanced-dental-center-pristina-site-2026-09-30] [advanced-dental-center-pristina-gbp-2026-09-30] | 0/4 |
| ✓ | Dentist names listed [advanced-dental-center-pristina-archive-about-2026-06-09] | 3/3 |
| ✓ | Dentist specializations listed [advanced-dental-center-pristina-archive-about-2026-06-09] | 2/2 |
| ✓ | Real clinic photos [advanced-dental-center-pristina-archive-2026-06-09] | 2/2 |
| ✓ | Service list published [advanced-dental-center-pristina-archive-2026-06-09] | 3/3 |
| ✓ | Clear contact details [advanced-dental-center-pristina-archive-2026-06-09] [advanced-dental-center-pristina-gbp-2026-09-30] | 2/2 |
| ✗ | English website version The clinic has no live website of its own: adc-ks.com shows a hosting 'Account Suspended' page (checked 2026-09-30). [advanced-dental-center-pristina-site-2026-09-30] | 0/2 |
| ✓ | Address and map published [advanced-dental-center-pristina-archive-2026-06-09] [maps1] | 2/2 |
Price Transparency
0 / 15
Whether patients can estimate costs before visiting. Published price ranges count; exact prices are not required.
| ✗ | Prices or price ranges published The clinic's website (archived copy of 2026-06-09, all five pages) published no patient prices; the Facebook page it linked is unavailable. [advanced-dental-center-pristina-archive-2026-06-09] [advanced-dental-center-pristina-fb-2026-09-30] | 0/3 |
| ✗ | Cleaning price listed The clinic's website (archived copy of 2026-06-09, all five pages) published no patient prices; the Facebook page it linked is unavailable. [advanced-dental-center-pristina-archive-2026-06-09] [advanced-dental-center-pristina-fb-2026-09-30] | 0/2 |
| ✗ | Filling price listed The clinic's website (archived copy of 2026-06-09, all five pages) published no patient prices; the Facebook page it linked is unavailable. [advanced-dental-center-pristina-archive-2026-06-09] [advanced-dental-center-pristina-fb-2026-09-30] | 0/2 |
| ✗ | Crown price listed The clinic's website (archived copy of 2026-06-09, all five pages) published no patient prices; the Facebook page it linked is unavailable. [advanced-dental-center-pristina-archive-2026-06-09] [advanced-dental-center-pristina-fb-2026-09-30] | 0/2 |
| ✗ | Implant price listed The clinic's website (archived copy of 2026-06-09, all five pages) published no patient prices; the Facebook page it linked is unavailable. [advanced-dental-center-pristina-archive-2026-06-09] [advanced-dental-center-pristina-fb-2026-09-30] | 0/2 |
| ✗ | Consultation price listed The clinic's website (archived copy of 2026-06-09, all five pages) published no patient prices; the Facebook page it linked is unavailable. [advanced-dental-center-pristina-archive-2026-06-09] [advanced-dental-center-pristina-fb-2026-09-30] | 0/2 |
| ✗ | X-ray / imaging price listed The clinic's website (archived copy of 2026-06-09, all five pages) published no patient prices; the Facebook page it linked is unavailable. [advanced-dental-center-pristina-archive-2026-06-09] [advanced-dental-center-pristina-fb-2026-09-30] | 0/2 |
Reputation & Reviews
9 / 20
Public review signals. The Google rating is adjusted with a Bayesian prior (rating 4.0, weight 25) so a 5.0 from a handful of reviews does not outrank a 4.8 from hundreds.
| ◐ | Google rating (Bayesian-adjusted) as of 2026-09-17; Corrected from 4.4 [advanced-dental-center-pristina-deepen-6] | 3/6 |
| ◐ | Google review volume as of 2026-09-17; Corrected from 21 [advanced-dental-center-pristina-deepen-7] | 1/3 |
| ✓ | Review recency Newest of 5 reviews shown dated 2026-08-24 [advanced-dental-center-pristina-deepen-8] | 3/3 |
| ✗ | Clinic responds to reviews None of the 10 reviews read on Google carries an owner reply, including the 10 dated 2025-06-16 to 2026-09-23. [advanced-dental-center-pristina-deepen-16] | 0/2 |
| ? | No recurring complaints | 0/2 |
| ✓ | No suspicious review patterns Histogram not skewed to 100% (83% 5★), dates spread 2023-2026, accounts have history [advanced-dental-center-pristina-deepen] | 2/2 |
| ? | Active Facebook presence Not established: the Facebook address on file (facebook.com/amckss) does not open a page, and no other page of the clinic was found (checked 2026-10-02). | 0/1 |
| ✗ | TripAdvisor presence No TripAdvisor listing: TripAdvisor's own search finds none for the clinic's name or a short form of it (checked 2026-10-01) [advanced-dental-center-pristina-deepen-14] [advanced-dental-center-pristina-deepen-15] | 0/0.5 |
| ✗ | Other review platforms No profile of the clinic on WhatClinic, Dental Departures, Bookimed or Wupdoc (checked 2026-10-02). [advanced-dental-center-pristina-platforms] [advanced-dental-center-pristina-platforms-2] [advanced-dental-center-pristina-platforms-3] [advanced-dental-center-pristina-platforms-4] | 0/0.5 |
Medical Infrastructure
10 / 15
The range of publicly documented equipment and services. This measures documented availability, not clinical quality.
| ✓ | On-site X-ray In-house X-ray with OPG [advanced-dental-center-pristina-archive-2026-06-09] | 2/2 |
| ✓ | CBCT (3D imaging) In-house 3D CT scan [advanced-dental-center-pristina-archive-2026-06-09] | 2/2 |
| ✓ | Implantology [advanced-dental-center-pristina-archive-2026-06-09] | 2/2 |
| ✓ | Orthodontics [advanced-dental-center-pristina-archive-2026-06-09] | 2/2 |
| ✓ | Oral surgery Oral surgery led by an implantologist/oral surgeon. [advanced-dental-center-pristina-archive-2026-06-09] | 2/2 |
| ✗ | Pediatric dentistry Full "Our Services" list read; no pediatric dentistry item [advanced-dental-center-pristina-archive-2026-06-09] | 0/1.5 |
| ✗ | Emergency care Full "Our Services" list read; no emergency/same-day item [advanced-dental-center-pristina-archive-2026-06-09] | 0/1.5 |
| ? | Works with international patients | 0/2 |
Communication & Service
1.5 / 10
How easy it is to contact the clinic, get answers, and book - especially for international patients.
| ✗ | WhatsApp / LINE available No WhatsApp or LINE link on the clinic's website (archived copy of 2026-06-09) or on its Google listing; phone and e-mail only. [advanced-dental-center-pristina-archive-2026-06-09] [advanced-dental-center-pristina-gbp-2026-09-30] | 0/2 |
| ? | Response speed | 0/1.5 |
| ? | English spoken | 0/2.5 |
| ? | Pre-visit consultation possible | 0/1.5 |
| ? | Clear service explanations | 0/1 |
| ✓ | Convenient opening hours Mon–Fri 09:00–18:00, Sat 10:00–14:00. [advanced-dental-center-pristina-archive-2026-06-09] [advanced-dental-center-pristina-gbp-2026-09-30] | 1.5/1.5 |
AI & Search Visibility
0 / 10
Whether the clinic is discoverable when patients search - including via AI assistants. Checked with fixed queries: "best dentist Kosovo", "English speaking dentist Kosovo", "dental implants Kosovo", "emergency dentist Kosovo", "Kosovo dental clinic for expats".
| ✗ | Mentioned for: best dentist Kosovo Not in an AI Overview, the local results or the first page of web results for “best dentist Kosovo” on 2026-10-15. [advanced-dental-center-pristina-deepen-17] | 0/1 |
| ✗ | Mentioned for: English speaking dentist Kosovo Not in an AI Overview, the local results or the first page of web results for “English speaking dentist Kosovo” on 2026-10-15. [advanced-dental-center-pristina-deepen-17] | 0/1 |
| ✗ | Mentioned for: dental implants Kosovo Not in an AI Overview, the local results or the first page of web results for “dental implants Kosovo” on 2026-10-15. [advanced-dental-center-pristina-deepen-17] | 0/1 |
| ✗ | Mentioned for: emergency dentist Kosovo [aivnatl] | 0/1 |
| ✗ | Mentioned for: Kosovo dental clinic for expats Not in an AI Overview, the local results or the first page of web results for “Kosovo dental clinic for expats” on 2026-10-15. [advanced-dental-center-pristina-deepen-17] | 0/1 |
| ✗ | Structured data on website No live website of its own (adc-ks.com suspended by its host, checked 2026-09-30); when it was online (archived copy of 2026-06-09) its JSON-LD carried only WebPage, WebSite and BreadcrumbList types, not Dentist, LocalBusiness or Organization. [advanced-dental-center-pristina-site-2026-09-30] [advanced-dental-center-pristina-archive-2026-06-09] | 0/1.5 |
| ? | Google indexing quality | 0/2 |
| ✗ | Dedicated service pages No live website of its own (adc-ks.com suspended by its host, checked 2026-09-30); when it was online, all services were described on the homepage, with no page per service. [advanced-dental-center-pristina-site-2026-09-30] [advanced-dental-center-pristina-archive-2026-06-09] | 0/1.5 |
Ranking leaders in AI answers
The queries above are this index's own check. The three leading clinics have also been measured in full: how often ChatGPT and Gemini name them when a patient asks them to recommend a dentist.
- #1DENTOSS Dental Clinic41.2 of 100View report →
- #2Dentaristo45.6 of 100View report →
- #3Klinika Dentare Endident54.3 of 100View report →
Measured by Ansmeter, 8 October 2026. Ansmeter is an affiliated service. Its figure is not part of this rating and does not affect positions — scores change only when public data changes.
Licensing & Credentials
Whether the clinic publishes its operating licence and the dentists working there together with their professional licence numbers. A verified “not published” is recorded as a red flag; data we have not checked yet is shown as unverified and carries no penalty.
Clinic operating licence: not checked against public sources yet — unverified, no penalty
Dentists & OSK register entry
| Dentist | Specialization | OSK entry | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fisnik Mekaj [s1] [doclic] | Oral surgeon & Implantologist | not published | Confirmed on the public register of OSK, which publishes no licence number. |
| Dardan Goga [s1] [doclic] | Doctor of Dental Medicine | not published | Confirmed on the public register of OSK, which publishes no licence number. |
| Yll Abdyli [s1] [doclic] | Doctor of Dental Medicine | not published | Confirmed on the public register of OSK, which publishes no licence number. |
| Besa Begu [s1] | Dental Hygienist | not verified | — |
Dentists are named; their licence numbers have not been checked against public sources yet — unverified, no penalty.
Red Flags
No red flags identified in the public sources we reviewed.
Data We Could Not Verify
- Reputation & Reviews: No recurring complaints
- Reputation & Reviews: Active Facebook presence
- Medical Infrastructure: Works with international patients
- Communication & Service: Response speed
- Communication & Service: English spoken
- Communication & Service: Pre-visit consultation possible
- Communication & Service: Clear service explanations
- AI & Search Visibility: Google indexing quality
Unverified items score 0 points but are not treated as negative findings. If you can document any of them, please send a correction.
Contact Information
| Phone | +38344156756 |
|---|---|
| https://www.facebook.com/amckss/ | |
| Google Maps | Map listing |
| Address | Lagja Pejton, Rruga Pashko Vasa Nr. 18, Prishtinë 10000, Kosovo |
Contact details are provided for identification only and may change; verify with the clinic directly.
Sources
| ID | Source | What it supports | Accessed |
|---|---|---|---|
| s1 | https://adc-ks.com/ | Homepage services: general treatments, aesthetic dentistry, oral surgery, digital dentistry, implantology, periodontology, orthodontics, lip augmentation — no pediatric item | 2026-09-17 |
| maps1 | https://www.google.com/maps/search/Advanced+Dental+Center+Prishtina… | Address, website, Google rating 4.4 (21 reviews) as of 2026-08-27 (read as text). | 2026-08-27 |
| doclic | https://osk-ks.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Lista-e-anetareve-Kor… | Searched Mekaj/Goga/Abdyli in the OSK July 2026 valid-licences register: Fisnik Mekaj, Dardan Goga and Yll Abdyli all found as licensed dentists. | 2026-08-27 |
| aivnatl | search:best dentist Kosovo / English speaking dentist Kosovo / dental implants Kosovo / emergency dentist Kosovo / Kosovo dental clinic for expats | National AI/search-visibility scout — 5 canonical national queries run once each; presence checked on page-1 organic results, local pack, and People-Also-Ask. | 2026-08-28 |
| advanced-dental-center-pristina-deepen | https://www.google.com/maps?cid=14592332435187449512&hl=en | Histogram 5★ 20/24; dates of the reviews shown span 2023-05 to 2026-08; authors include Local Guides with 63 and 20 reviews | 2026-09-17 |
| advanced-dental-center-pristina-deepen-2 | https://adc-ks.com/ | Homepage, about and training pages all rendered in English as the site's only/default language | 2026-09-17 |
| advanced-dental-center-pristina-deepen-3 | https://adc-ks.com/ | No money figures found on any of the 5 sitemap pages (automated read confirms 0 money strings) | 2026-09-17 |
| advanced-dental-center-pristina-deepen-4 | https://adc-ks.com/ | Full site (5 pages) read; no price list or figures published anywhere | 2026-09-17 |
| advanced-dental-center-pristina-deepen-5 | https://adc-ks.com/ | Full site (5 pages) read; no price or "free" wording for consultation | 2026-09-17 |
| advanced-dental-center-pristina-deepen-6 | https://www.google.com/maps?cid=14592332435187449512&hl=en | Google listing 2026-09-17: 4.5 from 24 reviews (previously recorded 4.4 from 21) | 2026-09-17 |
| advanced-dental-center-pristina-deepen-7 | https://www.google.com/maps?cid=14592332435187449512&hl=en | Google listing 2026-09-17: 24 reviews (previously recorded 21) | 2026-09-17 |
| advanced-dental-center-pristina-deepen-8 | https://www.google.com/maps?cid=14592332435187449512&hl=en | Newest review shown 2026-08-24 (Sami Rashiti, Local Guide, 5★) | 2026-09-17 |
| advanced-dental-center-pristina-deepen-9 | https://adc-ks.com/ | Homepage "Our Clinic": "we do offer x-ray in house with OPG and 3 D CT scan" | 2026-09-17 |
| advanced-dental-center-pristina-deepen-10 | https://adc-ks.com/ | Homepage services list (8 items) has no emergency/same-day appointment item | 2026-09-17 |
| advanced-dental-center-pristina-deepen-11 | https://adc-ks.com/ | Homepage and about page checked for WhatsApp/LINE links; only phone and email found | 2026-09-17 |
| advanced-dental-center-pristina-deepen-12 | https://adc-ks.com/ | Automated read: JSON-LD types found are WebPage, BreadcrumbList, ListItem, WebSite, ImageObject only | 2026-09-17 |
| advanced-dental-center-pristina-deepen-13 | https://adc-ks.com/ | Sitemap has only 5 URLs (home, about, cases, gallery, training); no per-service pages | 2026-09-17 |
| advanced-dental-center-pristina-site-2026-09-30 | https://adc-ks.com/cgi-sys/suspendedpage.cgi | Checked 2026-09-30: the clinic's domain adc-ks.com redirects to the hosting provider's 'Account Suspended' page; the clinic's Google listing still links this domain. | 2026-09-30 |
| advanced-dental-center-pristina-archive-2026-06-09 | https://web.archive.org/web/20260609080036/https://adc-ks.com/ | Archived copy of the clinic's website dated 2026-06-09 (home, about and gallery pages; the cases and training pages archived 2026-05-10), read 2026-09-30: eight services (general treatments, aesthetic dentistry, oral surgery, digital dentistry, implantology, periodontology, orthodontics, lip augmentation), with no pediatric or emergency item; "we do offer x-ray in house with OPG and 3 D CT scan"; photos of the clinic's surgery and in-house lab; address Lagja Pejton, Rruga Pashko Vasa Nr. 18, phones 038 735 183, 044 156 756 and 049 156 756, hours Monday to Friday 09:00-18:00 and Saturday 10:00-14:00; no patient prices on any of the five pages (the only euro figures are 2019 fees of a training course for dentists); no WhatsApp or LINE link; JSON-LD types WebPage, WebSite and BreadcrumbList only; all services described on the homepage, with no page per service; the site links the Facebook page facebook.com/amckss. | 2026-09-30 |
| advanced-dental-center-pristina-archive-about-2026-06-09 | https://web.archive.org/web/20260609084956/https://adc-ks.com/about/ | Archived 'About us' page of the clinic's website dated 2026-06-09, read 2026-09-30: names Fisnik Mekaj (oral surgeon and implantologist), Dardan Goga and Yll Abdyli (doctors of dental medicine) and Besa Begu (dental hygienist), each with education and experience. | 2026-09-30 |
| advanced-dental-center-pristina-fb-2026-09-30 | https://www.facebook.com/amckss/ | Facebook page linked from the clinic's website, checked 2026-09-30: Facebook answers that this content isn't available, so no page details, posts or prices can be read. | 2026-09-30 |
| advanced-dental-center-pristina-gbp-2026-09-30 | https://www.google.com/maps?cid=14592332435187449512&hl=en | Google listing 'Advanced Dental Center' (Dental clinic) read 2026-09-30: phone +383 44 156 756; hours Monday to Friday 9 AM-6 PM, Saturday 10 AM-2 PM, Sunday closed; no WhatsApp or LINE contact; the website field still links adc-ks.com. | 2026-09-30 |
| advanced-dental-center-pristina-deepen-14 | https://www.tripadvisor.com/TypeAheadJson?action=API&query=Advanced… | TripAdvisor's own search for "Advanced Dental Center Pristina", 2026-10-01: 12 suggestions, the one in Kosovo being a hotel entry, not a dental practice | 2026-10-01 |
| advanced-dental-center-pristina-deepen-15 | https://www.tripadvisor.com/TypeAheadJson?action=API&query=Advanced… | TripAdvisor's own search for "Advanced Dental Center Prishtine", 2026-10-01: 12 suggestions, none in Kosovo | 2026-10-01 |
| advanced-dental-center-pristina-platforms | https://www.whatclinic.com/dentists/kosovo | WhatClinic: its Kosovo listing (one page, one clinic: Dentina Dental Clinic in Gjilan) read and checked against its clinic-profile sitemaps (the same single Kosovo profile) and direct profile addresses for the clinic's name — no profile of this clinic (checked 2026-10-02) | 2026-10-02 |
| advanced-dental-center-pristina-platforms-2 | https://www.dentaldepartures.com/ | Dental Departures: its clinic search for Kosovo lists one clinic, OPAL-dent in Pristina — not this clinic (checked 2026-10-02) | 2026-10-02 |
| advanced-dental-center-pristina-platforms-3 | https://us-uk.bookimed.com/clinics/country=republic-of-kosovo/ | Bookimed: its Kosovo page lists one clinic, an eye hospital in Pristina, with no dentistry section for Kosovo, and none of the 2,127 pages in its clinic sitemap is this clinic (checked 2026-10-02) | 2026-10-02 |
| advanced-dental-center-pristina-platforms-4 | https://www.wupdoc.com/best-doctors/kosova | Wupdoc: its Kosovo page and its sitemap of doctor and clinic pages list three practices in Kosovo, all in Pristina (Genotime Premium Clinic, Enedent, Një Mjek) — none of them this clinic (checked 2026-10-02) | 2026-10-02 |
| advanced-dental-center-pristina-deepen-16 | https://www.google.com/maps?cid=14592332435187449512&hl=en | Google listing "Advanced Dental Center" (Dental clinic), read 2026-10-02 in two review orders (newest, lowest-rated first): 4.5 from 25 reviews (1★ 3 / 2★ 0 / 3★ 0 / 4★ 1 / 5★ 21); 10 distinct reviews read, dated 2025-06-16 to 2026-09-23 | 2026-10-02 |
| advanced-dental-center-pristina-deepen-17 | search:best dentist Kosovo / English speaking dentist Kosovo / dental implants Kosovo / emergency dentist Kosovo / Kosovo dental clinic for expats | The five canonical Kosovo queries on 2026-10-15 (google.com, English, Kosovo, non-personalised, read at about 7 a.m. local time; the AI Overview where one was shown, the three local results and the first page of web results were read). | 2026-10-15 |
Change History
| Date | Change |
|---|---|
| 2026-10-15 | Visibility re-checked on 2026-10-15 with the five canonical Kosovo queries, read once for every clinic of the Kosovo list; AI Overviews, local results and the first page of web results all counted. The clinic appears in 0 of the five. The query for an emergency dentist was read before most clinics open, and its earlier reading is kept for this clinic. |
| 2026-10-02 | Read 10 of the clinic's Google reviews on 2026-10-02: no owner replies seen. |
| 2026-10-02 | Other review platforms checked on 2026-10-02: no profile of the clinic on WhatClinic, Dental Departures, Bookimed or Wupdoc, so presence on them is recorded as absent. |
| 2026-10-01 | Checked TripAdvisor's own search for the clinic: no TripAdvisor listing. |
| 2026-09-30 | Website adc-ks.com found suspended by its host on 2026-09-30, so the card now treats the clinic as having no live website: the website link is removed and hasWebsite and englishVersion are false; staff, services, equipment, hours and the absence of prices now rest on the site's archived copy of June 2026; the Facebook page the site linked is unavailable, so Facebook presence is now unknown. |
| 2026-09-17 | Re-read on 2026-09-17: the clinic's full website (5 pages: home, about, cases, gallery, training) and its Google listing. Recorded: in-house X-ray/OPG and 3D CT scan; no prices published for any procedure; no pediatric or emergency care documented. Corrected: Google rating 4.4→4.5 and review count 21→24 (today's snapshot). Newest review 2026-08-24; low-rated share (12.5%) noted but no recurring theme confirmed from the readable sample; no signs of manipulation. Still unverified: work with international patients, WhatsApp/LINE, Facebook, TripAdvisor. |
| 2026-08-27 | Initial data collection: clinic website, Google Maps listing, and OSK July 2026 licence register checked; 3 of 4 named staff confirmed as licensed dentists (the fourth, Besa Begu, is a dental hygienist, not a licensed dentist). |
A question or a correction?
Have a question, a suggestion, or a correction to this page? Get in touch — we read every message. Verified data corrections are reviewed against sources and applied with a public change-history entry.